BRUNNER GLANDS Meaning and
Definition
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Brunner glands are specialized glands found in the lining of the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. These glands are named after the Swiss physician Johann Conrad Brunner, who first described them in the late 17th century.
The Brunner glands are branched tubular or acinar glands that secrete alkaline mucus-rich fluid. They are classified as compound tubular glands because of their complex structure, consisting of many interconnected tubules. These glands are distributed throughout the submucosa layer, lying just beneath the inner lining of the duodenum.
The primary function of Brunner glands is to produce and secrete alkaline mucus. The mucus secretions help protect the lining of the duodenum by neutralizing the acidic chyme (partly digested food) that enters from the stomach. The alkaline nature of the mucus helps maintain the pH levels in the duodenum, creating a suitable environment for the action of digestive enzymes.
Additionally, the mucus secreted by Brunner glands serves as a lubricant, aiding the smooth passage of digested food through the intestines. The alkaline properties of the mucus also play a role in emulsifying fats, helping their breakdown and absorption.
Disorders affecting the Brunner glands are relatively rare but can include hyperplasia (overgrowth), adenoma, or even adenocarcinoma, although the latter is quite rare. These conditions can lead to various symptoms and require medical attention. Overall, the Brunner glands play an essential role in the digestive system by contributing to the protection and proper functioning of the duodenum.
Common Misspellings for BRUNNER GLANDS
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Etymology of BRUNNER GLANDS
The term "Brunner glands" is named after the Swiss anatomist Johann Conrad Brunner (1653-1727). Brunner was known for his studies on the gastrointestinal system and its various structures. He discovered and described the glands that are now named after him, which are situated in the submucosal layer of the duodenum. These glands are responsible for secreting alkaline mucus that helps neutralize acidic chyme from the stomach, providing a favorable environment for digestion in the intestines. Hence, the name "Brunner glands" was given as a tribute to Johann Conrad Brunner's contribution to our understanding of this particular anatomical structure.
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