Contagious Ecthyma Virus of Sheep, also known as Orf Virus or contagious pustular dermatitis, is a highly infectious and zoonotic viral disease that affects sheep, goats, and occasionally humans. It is caused by the Orf virus, a member of the Parapoxvirus genus.
The Contagious Ecthyma Virus primarily affects the skin, leading to the development of characteristic lesions or sores. The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated objects such as feeders, shearing equipment, or bedding. It can enter the body through cuts or abrasions in the skin, resulting in the incubation period of 3 to 7 days before symptoms appear.
Typical signs of the infection in sheep include the formation of papules or small nodules on the lips, muzzle, and mouth, which later develop into raised, pus-filled blisters. These lesions can be painful and cause discomfort, leading to reduced feed intake and weight loss. In severe cases, secondary bacterial infections may occur, causing additional complications.
Contagious Ecthyma Virus is highly contagious within sheep flocks and can spread rapidly to susceptible animals, making it a considerable concern for farmers and animal health professionals. Adequate biosecurity measures such as isolation of infected animals, disinfection of equipment, and proper wound management are essential to prevent the spread of the virus.
While Contagious Ecthyma Virus is primarily a sheep and goat disease, it can also infect humans who come into contact with infected animals. In humans, the disease causes localized skin lesions that resemble the ones observed in animals, eventually healing without treatment. However, individuals with weakened immune systems may experience more severe symptoms and complications.
Vaccines are available to protect sheep and goats
