Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a plant pathogenic virus that belongs to the genus Cucumovirus within the family Bromoviridae. It is one of the most economically significant viruses affecting a wide range of plant species, including cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, melons, and various ornamental plants. CMV is transmitted by more than 60 species of aphids in a non-persistent manner, meaning the virus is acquired and transmitted within a short feeding period by a vector aphid.
The symptoms of CMV infection vary depending on the host plant but commonly include mosaic patterns on the leaves (hence the name), yellowing, leaf distortion, stunted growth, and reduced fruit quality. The severity of these symptoms can range from mild to severe, and plant susceptibility also varies among cultivars.
CMV has a worldwide distribution and can cause significant economic losses in agriculture by reducing crop yields and quality. It is particularly problematic in greenhouse production systems where aphids can thrive year-round, leading to rapid spread and high infection rates.
Management strategies for CMV primarily focus on implementing integrated pest management practices to control aphid populations, as well as using resistant cultivars when available. Prompt removal and destruction of infected plants can also help prevent virus spread. Additionally, prevention measures such as virus-free seed or tissue culture production can be employed to reduce the initial infection sources.
Overall, CMV represents a major threat to agricultural production, calling for continuous monitoring, improved diagnostic techniques, and effective management practices to minimize its impact.
