Differential blood count, also known as a differential white blood cell count or simply a differential count, is a laboratory test that provides information about the different types and percentages of white blood cells (leukocytes) present in a person's blood sample.
White blood cells are crucial components of the immune system, responsible for defending the body against infections and diseases. A differential blood count classifies and quantifies the various types of white blood cells, enabling healthcare professionals to identify and evaluate potential abnormalities or infections.
The test involves examining a stained blood smear under a microscope and counting the different types of white blood cells present: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Each cell type is identified based on its distinct morphological features and staining characteristics.
The results of a differential blood count are reported as a percentage or ratio of each white blood cell type, allowing healthcare providers to assess the overall health of a patient's immune system. Significant deviations from the normal ranges can indicate various conditions, such as bacterial or viral infections, allergies, autoimmune disorders, leukemia, or bone marrow disorders.
Overall, differential blood count is a valuable diagnostic tool that provides insight into the composition of white blood cells, aiding in the identification and further investigation of potential health issues.
