Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) is a member of the Hantavirus genus, which belongs to the Bunyaviridae family. Named after the regions in Serbia where it was first identified, DOBV is a zoonotic virus transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodents, specifically the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and the striped field mouse (A. agrarius). These rodents act as the primary reservoir hosts, maintaining and transmitting the virus in nature.
DOBV infection in humans can result in a severe illness known as Dobrava-Belgrade virus fever, characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and sometimes hemorrhagic manifestations. In more severe cases, the disease may progress to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which can cause kidney failure and potentially be fatal.
The virus is primarily spread through aerosolized excreta (urine, feces, saliva) of infected rodents, which can contaminate the environment and be inhaled by humans, leading to infection. Additionally, humans can acquire the virus by direct contact with the rodents, their tissues, or through bites.
Preventive measures against DOBV infection include avoiding contact with rodents and their habitats, implementing proper hygiene practices, such as handwashing, when handling potentially contaminated materials, and wearing protective clothing in high-risk settings. No specific antiviral treatment is currently available, so supportive care is paramount, focusing on symptomatic relief and managing complications.
