Simbu virus, also referred to as Simbu serogroup, is a viral group belonging to the family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus. This group includes various viruses that primarily affect ruminant animals, such as cattle, goats, and sheep, but can also infect other mammals including humans.
Simbu virus is transmitted primarily by biting insects, particularly mosquitoes and midges. These carriers serve as vectors for the virus to be spread between animals or from animals to humans. Infection in animals often leads to reproductive problems, such as abortions, stillbirths, and reduced fertility rates. Additionally, animals may also display clinical signs such as fever, lameness, and neurological symptoms.
While Simbu virus infections in humans are relatively rare, sporadic cases have been reported in several countries, predominantly in regions where the vector insects are prevalent. Human infections are typically mild, with symptoms including fever, joint pain, and rash. In rare cases, neurological complications may occur.
Diagnosis of Simbu virus infection is usually done through laboratory tests, such as serological testing or molecular techniques to detect the presence of the virus in blood or other body fluids. There is currently no specific treatment or vaccine available for Simbu virus infections in animals or humans. Prevention mainly focuses on vector control measures, such as reducing mosquito populations, protecting animals from insect bites, and promoting personal protective measures for individuals in high-risk areas.
