Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, chronic, and progressive neurological disorder caused by the persistent infection of the brain with the measles virus. The condition develops several years after the initial infection with the measles virus.
SSPE is classified as a subacute disease because it progresses slowly over time, with gradual deterioration of brain function. The virus primarily affects children and young adults who were infected with the measles virus before the age of two. However, it can also occur in individuals who received the measles vaccine.
The symptoms of SSPE typically start with subtle changes in behavior, intellectual abilities, and coordination. As the disease progresses, affected individuals may experience myoclonic jerks, muscle stiffness, visual disturbances, seizures, reduced motor skills, and decline in cognitive function. Additionally, psychiatric symptoms such as personality changes, depression, and irritability may also arise.
The diagnosis of SSPE is based on clinical observation, medical history, and examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for SSPE, and the prognosis is usually poor. The majority of individuals with SSPE experience a progressive and irreversible decline in neurological function, leading to severe disability and sometimes death within one to three years from the onset of symptoms.
Prevention of SSPE primarily involves ensuring high vaccination coverage to eliminate measles infection. Maintaining herd immunity is vital in order to reduce the risk of SSPE and its devastating consequences.
