Pronunciation: [tˈʌfən] (IPA) 
The word "toughen" is spelled with the letters T-O-U-G-H-E-N. The IPA phonetic transcription for this word is /ˈtʌf.ən/. The "t" sound is followed by the "uh" sound, which is represented by the "ʌ" symbol. The "f" sound is represented by "f" and the "ən" sound is represented by "ən". The word "toughen" refers to the process of making something stronger or more resilient, such as toughening up one's muscles through exercise.
Toughen is a verb that refers to the process of making something or someone stronger, more resistant, or more resilient, often through exposure to difficult or challenging conditions or experiences. It can also denote the act of becoming more emotionally or mentally resilient or hardened.
In a physical sense, toughen can mean reinforcing or making something more durable or resistant to damage. For example, a manufacturer may toughen a material by treating it with chemicals or applying extra layers, making it stronger and less likely to break or wear out. Similarly, a coach may use specific training techniques to toughen an athlete's muscles or increase their endurance, allowing them to perform better in challenging physical activities.
In a metaphorical sense, toughen can describe the process of developing emotional or mental resilience. It may involve facing and overcoming difficult situations or adversities, which can help individuals become more hardened, less vulnerable, or better equipped to handle future challenges. For instance, a person who has experienced a series of setbacks and hardships may toughen up and become more determined, resilient, or self-reliant as a result.
Overall, toughen is a versatile term that signifies the strengthening or fortification of something or someone, be it physically, emotionally, or mentally, thereby enhancing their ability to withstand pressure, endure hardships, or face adversity.
To make tough; to grow tough.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "toughen" is derived from the adjective "tough". "Tough" originated in the 15th century as a term used to describe something that is strong and durable. It has its roots in Middle English "tough", which meant "strong, powerful". This Middle English word can be traced back to the Old English "tōh", which also meant "strong, tenacious". Ultimately, the word originates from a Germanic source and is related to the Old High German word "zuht", meaning "yoke" or "towline". The verb form "toughen" was created by adding the suffix "-en" to "tough" to indicate the action of making something tougher or more resilient.
